1NURSE is an online review platform available in your desktop and mobile devices. The app contains PNLE practice questions and flashcards to help you prepare for your upcoming board exam. Practice answering these free Fundamentals of Nursing questions to measure your prior knowledge in this subject.

Question 1: 

In order to localize a symptom, which direction should  the nurse give a client?
a. Point to where the symptom occurs.
b. Come back when you are experiencing the symptom.
c. Bring someone in with you who has witnessed you having  the symptom.
d. Tell me which body part is affected by the symptom.

Answer A.
Rationale: This gives the examiner an understanding of where the  problem may be without the possibility of confusion due to  terminology used by the client for various body parts. There  are times when a client may need to return during the time a  symptom is being experienced but this is not primarily to  localize the symptom. There are also times such as in the  case of loss of consciousness or a seizure when a witness  can provide valuable information but again, this is not  primarily directed at localizing the symptom.

Question 2: 

Nurse Kathryn accommodates patients in preparation for  a doctor consultation. During the patient interview, the nurse needs to assess this adolescent patient. Which structures  would the nurse examine last?
a. Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
b. Neurological
c. Musculoskeletal
d. Genitourinary

Answer: D. 
Rationale: Developing adolescents find the genitourinary exam the  most difficult.

Question 3: 

Lola Mina visits the clinic for a consultation with a  possible case of abuse. Which type of abuse is the nurse  most likely to discover when assessing the elderly?
a. Physical abuse
b. Emotional abuse
c. Neglect
d. Social

Answer: C
Rationale: Neglect is the most common type of abuse against the  elderly. Often, the elderly person does not want those close  to them to help with physical functions or their caregivers  may not be willing to perform incontinence and personal  care.

Question 4:
Which health model does a person subscribe to when his  or her motivation to engage in healthy behaviors is the  desire to avoid illness?
a. Did you use a new brand of sunscreen?
b. Did you wash with perfumed soap before sunbathing?
c. What medications do you take?
d. Have you eaten any new foods in the last 24 hours?

Answer: C
Rationale: With the Clinical Model of health, motivation to engage in  healthy behaviors is motivated by a desire to not have a  diagnosed disease. In the Adaptive Model, motivation is  based on a desire to alter self. In the Role Performance  Model, motivation for healthy behavior derives from a desire  to be able to fulfill responsibilities at work, in the home, and  in the community. In the Eudaemonistic model, motivation for  health comes from joy and self-fulfillment.

Question 5: 

When using an ophthalmoscope to assess a 3-yearold  girl’s eyes, for what does the nurse look?
a. Optic disk
b. Macula
c. Red reflex
d. Fovea centralis

Answer: C. 
Rationale: Often children will not remain stationary long enough to view  further structures in the eye. Being able to view the red reflex  rules out a congenital cataract.

Question 6: 
Nurse Amelia will be doing a physical assessment to a  newly admitted patient in the medical-surgical ward. When assessing the abdomen, which sequence does the nurse  follow?
a. Palpation, percussion, auscultation, and inspection
b. Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
c. Percussion, inspection, auscultation, and palpation
d. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation

Answer: D. 
Rationale: Palpation is last in order to prevent distortion of bowel  sounds.

Question 7: 

Nurse Harry administers a prochlorperazine  (Compazine®) suppository to an adult client. Which action  by the nurse best ensures that the medication is correctly  administered?
a. Positioning the client on the left side
b. Lubricating the suppository prior to insertion
c. Feeling the sensation of the suppository pulling away when inserted against the rectal wall past the internal anal sphincter
d. Noting soft, formed stool 30 minutes after the suppository

Answer: C. 
Rationale: Rectal suppositories should be inserted past the internal  anal sphincter and against the rectal wall. Stimulation of the  bowel, once past the internal anal sphincter, will draw the  medication inward. Stool in the bowel could cause incorrect  placement of the suppository. Although the client should be  positioned on the left side, this does not indicate whether the  medication is in the correct position. Lubrication makes  passage easier, but does not ensure the correct placement  against the rectal wall and past the sphincter.  Prochlorperazine is an antiemetic medication. It does not  produce bowel peristalsis. Digital stimulation may cause  passage of stool that is in the bowel, but this does not  ensure correct administration.

Question 8: 

A nurse is observing a nursing student prepare and  administer medications to adult clients. Which action by the  nursing student warrants intervention by the nurse?
a. Injecting air into a vial before withdrawing 20 mg  furosemide (Lasix®) from a vial labeled 20 mg/mL
b. Selecting a 1-mL syringe with a 5/8-inch needle to be  used for administering 0.5 mL of heparin subcutaneously
c. Instructing a client to place a buccal medication under the  client’s tongue and allowing it to absorb
d. Pouring the ordered medication “Robitussin® 2 tsp now”  to the 10 mL mark on a medication cup

Answer: C. 
Rationale: Buccal medications should be held in the cheek rather than  under the tongue. Air should be injected into a vial before  withdrawing the medication. A needle size of 1/2 to 5/8 inch  in length should be used for adult subcutaneous injections. A  teaspoon is equivalent to 5 mL; thus 2 teaspoons is 10 mL.

Question 9: 
A nurse receives a medication order for an adult client to  administer ferrous sulfate 300 mg PO bid. After thinking  critically about this order, the nurse should:
a. administer the medication as ordered.
b. contact the physician to clarify the route of the medication.
c. contact the physician to question the twice daily  administration of the medication.
d. withhold the medication because the dosage is not within  acceptable ranges.

Answer: A. 
Rationale: The medication order contains all essential information using  approved abbreviations. The abbreviation “PO” is an  acceptable abbreviation for the oral route. The abbreviation  “bid” is acceptable for twice daily administration. The dose is  within acceptable ranges.

Question 10:
Which information should be given to Mr. Pangilinan, a  52-year-old client, who is planning to start a cardiorespiratory exercise program?
a. Consult your physician to obtain an exercise prescription
b. Include only anaerobic activities
c. Stretch at the completion of each exercise session
d. Work up gradually to a maximum of 90 minutes five times  per week.

Answer: A. 
Rationale: Clients over age 45 and those with risk factors for cardiac  disease should consult a physician to determine the  appropriate amount of exercise before beginning a program.  Aerobic exercise involving continuous use of large muscle  groups is effective in building cardiorespiratory reserve.  Stretching should be done at the beginning of aerobic  exercise and a cool down period at the end. Clients should  start gradually but the recommended duration of exercise is  30–60 minutes three to five times per week.

Do you want to pass your nursing board exam? Pass with our PNLE Digital Resources. Click here: https://www.1nurse.com/nle-review